Paetukutuku
Te Hononga ki Tō Pūnaha Raraunga I Tawhiti
Where to find your database credentials, why direct remote connections on port 3306 are refused, and how to connect a desktop tool through an SSH tunnel instead.
Tūhononga ki Tō Pūmau Raraunga I Tawhiti
Kei hea ō ōranga tūhononga raraunga, me hea koe i whakakāhore ai i ngā tūhononga tawhiti tika ki te pokapū 3306, me pēhea hoki te tūhononga i te taputapu kaupapa i runga i te tunnara SSH.
Ko ia wāhi tūmataiti KapsuleHost me te pūmau raraunga, kei reira tōna ake pūmau, tōna ake kaiwhakamahi pūmau, me ngā ōranga tūhononga e taea ana e koe te pānui i ngā wā katoa. Ko tā koe kaore e taea ai, ko te tūhononga ki a ia tika ake i te Ipurangi, ā kei te āhuatanga tēnei. Ka whakakōrero tēnei aratohu mō ngā ōranga tūhononga, ngā ara rua e tautokohia ana, me pēhea te whakarite i te tunnara e hiahia ana ngā taputapu kaupapa pūmau.
Te Rapu i Ō Ōranga Tūhononga
Haere ki Websites, pāwhiri i te wāhi, ka Files, ka Database.
Ka whakaatuhia e te whārangi e rima ngā mea:
| Āhuatanga | Uara |
|---|---|
| Host | 127.0.0.1 |
| Port | 3306 |
| Database | tō ingoa pūmau raraunga |
| Username | tō kaiwhakamahi pūmau raraunga |
| Password | kua huna, me te pātene whakaatu me te pātene kape |
Ehara te kupuhipa i te whakaatu tēta anake. Ka taea e koe te hoki mai me te pānui i te wā katoa e hiahia ai koe, kāore anō he take kia penapena ki te wāhi rerekē.
Ko te pūnaha pūmau raraunga ko MariaDB 10.11, ka honoa ā-MySQL. He āhuatanga whai mahi tēnei i tēta: ka taea te kawe i tēta pukapuka whakaputaputanga mai i te pūnaha MySQL o nāianei, engari kua whai te collations kaore e whakakaute a MariaDB, ā ka raupatu te kawekawe me te hapa "unknown collation". Ki te puta tēnei, me whakaputaputanga anō mā te collation e tino honoa ana penei utf8mb4_unicode_ci, me te rapu me te whakakapi i a ia i te pukapuka whakaputaputanga i mua i te kawekawe.
Me hea koe te Host He 127.0.0.1
Ko 127.0.0.1 he "tēnei miihini". Ka whakarongo anake te pūnaha pūmau raraunga i te āpiti ā-roto ake o te miihini, ā kaore te pokapū 3306 e tuwhera ki te Ipurangi i te ārai katoa. Kaore he tautuhinga i te paata hei tuwhera, ā kaore he rārangi-ā-IP mō te whakaaetanga.
Ehara tēnei i te wareware. Ko tēta pokapū pūmau raraunga he āhuatanga tautokohia harikoa e te raupatu i te tūmataiti: e whakamatai tonutanga, e manaatu mō āianei ki te āhuatanga ki te tangata katoa e tūhono ana, ā me te kupuhipa ngoikore kotahi ka riro ia koe i te wāhi katoa. Ko te maumau ki te katia kei te tango i tērā waahanga katoa o te tūraru.
Nō reira ko tēta raurangi tūhononga e whakamahi ana i tō IP kauwhata tūmatanui me te pokapū 3306 ka whakaraupatu tonutanga, i te wāhi katoa, i runga i ia mahere. E rua ngā ara tautokohia hei whakapaetai.
Āmata 1: phpMyAdmin i te Pūtaiao
E āwhina nui koe mō te titiro tapa, tēta whakatika, tēta kawekawe, tēta whakaputaputanga rānei.
I te whārangi Database, pāwhiri Open phpMyAdmin. Kua tūhonohia koe tika ake mā ōu ake ōranga me te kitenga anake i ō ake pūmau.
Ko te hononga e mahi ana i tēnei kaupapa he poto noa, ā ka raupatu i ngā āhuatanga e whakaatuhia penei he hapa, engari ehara:
- Ka ngaro i te hēkona 60. Pāwhiri i te wā e puta ana.
- Ka mahi tēta whakamatau. Ko te hoki whakamuri me te whakahou kaore e mahi; whakatupuranga tēta hou.
- Me tuwhera mai i te pūtaiao ōrite me te whatunga ōrite i tūmatanui ai. Ki te kape i te hononga ki te taputapu rerekē, arā tō tūhononga e panui ana i te wāhi rerekē i te takiwā, ka raupatu.
Ki te kite "This link has already been used" tēta whakaatuhinga mō te panui-ā-IP rānei, ko te tiaki e mahi ana. Hoki ki te whārangi Database me te pāwhiri i te pātene anō.
Mō te whai mahi i phpMyAdmin ake, tīrohia Using phpMyAdmin.
Āmata 2: Tēta Tunnara SSH mō ngā Taputapu Kaupapa
Ki te hiahia koe ki te whakamahi i tēta kaupapa tūmatanui, ko te ara tautokohia tēnei. Ka tuwhera te tunnara i tēta tūhononga titikaha ki te pūnaha me te whakawhiti i tēta pokapū i tō miihini ake, nō reira ka tūhono tō kaupapa ki te mea e ahua penei he pūmau ā-rohe.
He aha koe e hiahia ai i mua
Tēta ngoingoi SSH i te wāhi. Kāore te whakamātautau kupuhipa e tino-tangohia, nō reira kaore tēnei tahe i te kore waahitanga.
- Haere ki Websites, te wāhi, Files, ka SSH Keys.
- Me penapena tēta kī tūmatanui e whakamahia kē nei, me te whakatupuranga tēta tokorua kī hou mai i te paata rānei.
- Tuhia te ingoa kaiwhakamahi e whakaatuhia ana i tērā whārangi. Ko tō kaiwhakamahi pūnaha wāhi, ā ko tā koe tūhono.
Ki te whakatupuranga i tēta kī i te paata, ka whakaatuhia te kī ā-roto tēta whakamatau anake ā mai. Penapena tika ake, ā me te tiaki i te wāhi anake koe e taea ai te pānui.
Ka riro anō hoki i a koe tēta īmera i te wā katoa ka tāpirihia tēta kī ki tō wāhi. Arā te whakaaro. Ki te tae tēta me koe kaore i tēnei, me te whakakāhore i tērā whārangi tika ake me te pānui i If Your Site Is Hacked.
Tīrohia Adding SSH Keys mō te whakatahinga katoa.
Kaore te kaupapa SFTP i waihangahia i te tapu SFTP e mahi mō tēta tunnara. Ko aua kaupapa anake mō te kawekawe mōkari, kāore he arero ā-pāpori kaore anō e whakamahi pokapū-whakaweto. Ko te tunnara me tēta kaiwhakamahi SSH ake o te wāhi me tēta kī. Tīrohia SFTP Access.
Te Tuwhera i te Tunnara
Mai i tēta taumahi i tō miihini ake:
ssh -N -L 3307:127.0.0.1:3306 your-ssh-user@cp1-kapsule.kapsulehost.com
Me whakatika your-ssh-user mā te ingoa kaiwhakamahi mai i te whārangi SSH Keys. Me te whakawhiti i tērā:
-Nhe "kaua e whakatutuki i tēta whakahau, anake me te puritia te tunnara tuwhera".-L 3307:127.0.0.1:3306e whakaweto ana i te pokapū 3307 i tō miihini ki te pokapū 3306 i te pūnaha.- E whakamahia te pokapū 3307 kāti 3306 kia kore e parekura me tēta pūmau rānei e tuturu ana ā-rohe.
Kaore te whakahau e tāia he mea i te wā e mahi ana. He tika tēnei. Me te puritia te wīnō taumahi tuwhera mō te wā katoa e hiahia ai koe i te tūhononga, me te pāwhiri Ctrl+C hei kati.
Te Tūhono i Tō Kaupapa
I te wā tuturu te tunnara, me te tohu i tō taputapu pūmau ki:
| Tautuhinga | Uara |
|---|---|
| Host | 127.0.0.1 |
| Port | 3307 |
| Username | te ingoa kaiwhakamahi pūmau mai i te whārangi Database |
| Password | te kupuhipa pūmau mai i te whārangi Database |
| Database | tō ingoa pūmau raraunga |
Tuhia te wehenga: ko te ingoa kaiwhakamahi SSH he kaiwhakamahi pūnaha wāhi, ā ko te ingoa kaiwhakamahi pūmau he rerekē mai i te whārangi Database. Ko te whakapiri i aua rua tēta hē noa iho i konei.
Ko te nuinga anō o ngā kaupapa tūmatanui me tēta āhuatanga "tūhono noa i te tunnara SSH", e mahi ana tika i runga i te runga ā-runga me te wīnō taumahi rerekē. Me te whakatupuranga i te SSH host cp1-kapsule.kapsulehost.com, te pokapū 22, tō ingoa kaiwhakamahi SSH, me tō konae kī ā-roto, ka nui te āhuatanga pūmau penei i runga.
Tīrohia Database SSH Tunnel mō te tautuhinga kaupapa-ā-kaupapa.
Te Raina Whakahau i te Pūnaha
Ki te āta ngana koe i tēta taumahi, kaore koe e hiahia i tēta tunnara i te katoa. Me te tūhono i te SSH me te mahi ki te pūnaha tika:
ssh your-ssh-user@cp1-kapsule.kapsulehost.com
mysqldump -u DBUSER -p DBNAME > backup.sql
He tere rawa ēnei i te tango i tēta pūmau nui i te tunnara, ā ko te ara tika tēnei hei tango i tēta pukapuka whakaputaputanga a-ringa i mua i te panui tūraru. Mō WordPress whānui, WP-CLI he pai ake anō.
Te Rapu i te Pūrongo
"Connection refused" i te pokapū 3306 mai i tō miihini. Inaianei. Tīrohia i runga. Whakamahia tēta tunnara.
Ko te whakahau tunnara e ui ana i te kupuhipa. Kaore tō kī e tukuna tika tērā kaore i te whāngai. Manatitiro ka kei te whārangi SSH Keys tō kī me te tāpiri -i /path/to/your/private/key ki te whakahau.
"Permission denied (publickey)". Kaore tika te ingoa kaiwhakamahi, arā kaore tika te kī. Ko te ingoa kaiwhakamahi ko tērā i te whārangi SSH Keys, kaore tō īmera whakauru Kapsule.
"Address already in use" mō te pokapū 3307. Kei te tuwhera anō tēta tunnara, arā kei te whakamahi tēta kaupapa rerekē i tērā pokapū. Katia te atu, arā whiri tēta pokapū ā-rohe rerekē penei 3308.
Ka tuwhera te tunnara engari kaore tō kaupapa e tūhono. Whakapūtaiao tō kaupapa kei te tohu ki 127.0.0.1 me tō pokapū ā-rohe kua tohua, kaore ki tō rohe.
"Access denied for user". Ōranga pūmau, kaore SSH. Whakaatu me te kape anō mai i te whārangi Database.
"Unknown collation" i te kawekawe. E whakatuhia ana i runga. Me whakaputaputanga anō mā te collation e honoa ana.
Ko ngā mea katoa e mahi ana koe i tēta kaupapa pūmau ka tutaki tika ā kaore e taea te whakakore. Kaore he tahe whakapūtaiao ā kaore anō he kete whakarangaranga. Me te tango i tēta kopae i mua i te whakatutuki i te mea e tuhi ana. Tīrohia Te Tango Kua Waihangahia.